Below are some examples
Dispute | Economic Questions | |
Patent infringement | Commercial success (validity)Reasonable royalties lost profits FRAND terms | Public interest analysis for injunctive reliefPunitive damages (willful infringement) |
Antitrust | Relevant markets market power Monopolization and vertical restraintsMonopsonyPrice fixing and horizontal agreementsBundling | Loyalty rebatesExclusionary practices Raising rivals’ costRefusals to dealEfficienciesConsumer-welfare effects |
Securities | Earnings manipulation and inadequate disclosureForeign exchange transactions | MaterialitySecurity price formationLoss causation |
Labor and Employment | Discrimination in compensation and compensation structuresUncompensated labor and earnings loss | Post-employment covenants Wage and hour penaltiesDisparate impact Trade secret misappropriation |
Merger control and review | Relevant marketsEfficienciesUnilateral and coordinated effects Consumer-welfare impact | Entry conditions Tunney Act review Modification of consent decrees |
Contract and tort disputes | Royalties, pricing Expectation damages Restitution damages | Consequential damages Unfair competitionDefamation and disparagement |
Copyright infringement | Lost profitsPrice erosionProfit disgorgement | Reasonable royaltiesCorrective advertising |
Trademark infringement | Diminished trademark value Increased costsDelayed profits | Defendants’ profits Unjust enrichmentDiminished goodwill |
Class actions | Class certification | Attorneys’ fees |
Government takings | Just compensation | |
Regulated industries | Rate designRatemaking | Cost recoveryRegulatory takings |